Resultados obtenidos en el tratamiento de embolización endovascular de varices pélvicas / Treatment outcomes of pelvic varicose veins endovascular embolization

Introducción:el síndrome de congestión pélvica se presenta con un dolor de más de 6 meses de evolución, varices pélvicas e insuficiencia venosa pélvica. El diagnóstico diferencial incluye distintas patologías. Existen diferentes opciones terapéuticas, de las que la terapia endovascular con embolización es la más utilizada, la misma que ha sido significativamente más eficaz que la terapia quirúrgica.Objetivo:analizar la efectividad de la embolización endovascular de varices pélvicas.Materiales y métodos:estudio unicéntrico, observacional descriptivo y ambispectivo. Se han seguidi las recomendaciones STROBE para su redacción. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes a los que se les realizó una embolización de varices pélvicas que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Se realizó un análisis de las variables cualitativas en forma de frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes y los datos cuantitativos mediante la media. Se describió el éxito terapéutico percibido por las pacientes, las complicaciones, la necesidad de reintervención y la supervivencia libre de reintervenciones.Resultados:se incluyeron 46 pacientes con una edad media de 32,54 años. 22 casos (47,82 %) tenían un peso adecuado, 29 (63,04 %) refirieron una clara mejoría sintomática después del procedimiento de embolización y en ninguno se presentaron complicaciones asociadas al procedimiento. Sin embargo, de este grupo de pacientes 11 tuvieron una intervención subsecuente asociada a las varices de miembros inferiores. El tiempo de supervivencia libre de nuevas embolizaciones fue de 54,37 meses, con un ES de 2,64 meses.Conclusiones:la embolización endovascular de varices pélvicas es una técnica efectiva y segura.(AU)

Introduction:pelvic congestion syndrome presents pain that lasts at least 6 months, pelvic varices and pelvic venous insufficiency. The differential diagnosis includes different pathologies. There are different therapeutic options, being endovascular therapy with embolization the most used, the same one that has been significantly more effective than surgical therapy.Objective:to analyze the effectiveness of endovascular embolization of pelvic varices.Materials and methods:single-center, descriptive and ambispective observational study. Following the STROBE recommendations for writing it. All patients who underwent embolization of pelvic varices who met the inclusion criteria were included. An analysis of the qualitative variables was showed like absolute frequencies and percentages; and quantitative data using the mean. The therapeutic success perceived by the patients, the complications, the need for reoperation, and reoperation-free survival are described.Results:46 patients with a mean age of 32.54 years were included, 22 cases (47.82 %) who had an adequate weight. In 29 cases (63.04 %) reported a clear symptomatic improvement after the embolization procedure, they were not complications associated with the procedure. However, of this group of patients, 11 had a subsequent intervention associated with varicose veins of the lower limbs. The survival time free of new embolizations was 54.37 months with a SE of 2.64 months.Conclusions:embolization is the most widely used treatment for pelvic varicose veins. In this review, symptomatic improvement was found in 63.04 % of the cases, being below the results reported in the bibliography where they report a therapeutic success of 75 % of the cases. Endovascular embolization of pelvic varices is an eective and safe technique for their treatment.(AU)

Endovascular Treatment of Congenital Portosystemic Shunt: A Single-Center Prospective Study.

Purpose: To design a prospective study on endovascular closure of congenital portosystemic shunts. The primary endpoint was to assess the safety of endovascular closure. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the clinical, analytical and imaging outcomes of treatment. Methods: Fifteen patients (age range: 2 days to 21 years; 10 male) were referred to our center due to congenital portosystemic shunts. The following data were collected prior to treatment: age, sex, medical history, clinical and analytical data, urine trimethylaminuria, abdominal-US, and body-CT. The following data were collected at the time of intervention: anatomical and hemodynamic characteristics of the shunts, device used, and closure success. The following data were collected at various post-intervention time points: during hospital stay (to confirm shunt closure and detect complications) and at one year after (for clinical, analytical, and imaging purposes). Results: The treatment was successful in 12 participants, migration of the device was observed in two, while acute splanchnic thrombosis was observed in one. Off-label devices were used in attempting to close the side-to-side shunts, and success was achieved using Amplatzer™ Ductus-Occluder and Amplatzer™ Muscular-Vascular-Septal-Defect-Occluder. The main changes were: increased prothrombin activity (p=0.043); decreased AST, ALT, GGT, and bilirubin (p=0.007, p=0.056, p=0.036, p=0.013); thrombocytopenia resolution (p=0.131); expansion of portal veins (p=0.005); normalization of Doppler portal flow (100%); regression of liver nodules (p=0.001); ammonia normalization (p=0.003); and disappearance of trimethylaminuria (p=0.285). Conclusion: Endovascular closure is effective. Our results support the indication of endovascular closure for side-to-side shunts and for cases of congenital absence of portal vein.

SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with monoclonal gammopathy. A case report based on the study of minimally invasive ultrasound-guided autopsy.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency with numerous clinical facets, including acute kidney injury and acute cerebrovascular disease. Further knowledge of its various pathogenic mechanisms is essential, including coagulation disorders. Monoclonal gammopathy is characterized by the overproduction of a monoclonal immunoglobulin caused by clonal proliferation. Using a postmortem study of ultrasound-guided percutaneous core biopsies, the aim of this report is to present our observations on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection pathology associated with monoclonal gammopathy. The clinical presentation was acute renal failure. Pathological findings revealed kappa light chain cast nephropathy. SARS-CoV-2 immunohistochemistry was positive in some renal tubular cells. Another notable finding was the presence of a high density of alveolar megakaryocytes, which probably explained the final outcome (acute cerebrovascular disease). Immunohistochemical study for SARS-CoV-2 does not verify the pathogenic effect of the virus and thus its contribution to the acute kidney injury.

SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with monoclonal gammopathy. A case report based on the study of minimally invasive ultrasound-guided autopsy

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency with numerous clinical facets, including acute kidney injury and acute cerebrovascular disease. Further knowledge of its various pathogenic mechanisms is essential, including coagulation disorders. Monoclonal gammopathy is characterized by the overproduction of a monoclonal immunoglobulin caused by clonal proliferation. Using a postmortem study of ultrasound-guided percutaneous core biopsies, the aim of this report is to present our observations on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection pathology associated with monoclonal gammopathy. The clinical presentation was acute renal failure. Pathological findings revealed kappa light chain cast nephropathy. SARS-CoV-2 immunohistochemistry was positive in some renal tubular cells. Another notable finding was the presence of a high density of alveolar megakaryocytes, which probably explained the final outcome (acute cerebrovascular disease). Immunohistochemical study for SARS-CoV-2 does not verify the pathogenic effect of the virus and thus its contribution to the acute kidney injury.(AU)

La enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019 (COVID-19) es una emergencia sanitaria pública global con numerosas facetas clínicas que incluyen enfermedad renal aguda y enfermedad cerebrovascular aguda. Es necesario un conocimiento adicional de su mecanismo patogénico. Los trastornos de coagulación están claramente incluidos en dichos mecanismos. La gammapatía monoclonal se caracteriza por la sobreproducción de inmunoglobulina monoclonal causada por proliferación clonal. Utilizando un estudio postmortem de biopsias percutáneas ecoguiadas, el objetivo de este informe es presentar nuestras observaciones sobre la patología del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo por infección de coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) con gammapatía monoclonal. La presentación clínica fue insuficiencia renal aguda. Los hallazgos patológicos revelaron nefropatía por cilindros de cadenas ligeras kappa. La inmunohistoquímica de SARS-CoV-2 fue positiva en ciertas células tubulares renales. La presencia de megacariocitos alveolares (alta densidad) fue un hallazgo notable, que explica probablemente el resultado final del paciente (enfermedad cerebrovascular aguda). El estudio inmunohistoquímico frente a SARS-CoV-2 no verifica el efecto patogénico del virus y, por tanto, su contribución a la nefropatía aguda.(AU)

Cambios hemodinámicos posligadura con bandas de varices esofágicas: un estudio de cohortes / No disponible

INTRODUCCIÓN: existe controversia sobre la necesidad de mantener el tratamiento vasoconstrictor tras lograr una adecuada hemostasia mediante ligadura endoscópica, en la hemorragia aguda por varices esofágicas. Dado que es muy complejo hacer un gradiente "pre y posligadura urgente" en el sangrante por varices, nuestro objetivo es conocer las variaciones hemodinámicas tras la terapia endoscópica, midiendo un gradiente venoso hepático "pre" y otro 24 horas "posprocedimiento" en los cirróticos con ligadura programada como profilaxis de la hemorragia varicosa. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio prospectivo, de cohorte, unicéntrico. Los pacientes, en protocolo de erradicación endoscópica, fueron sometidos a un gradiente de presión venosa hepática basal (GPVH PRE), sin modificar su tratamiento habitual con beta-bloqueantes. Después, se procedió a ligadura endoscópica, según guías de práctica clínica. Tras 24 horas del procedimiento, se realizó una segunda medida de presiones (GPVH POST). RESULTADOS: 30 pacientes. Las medianas de los GPVH PRE y POST ligadura fueron 16,5 mmHg (14-20) y 19,5 mmHg (17-21) respectivamente, con un aumento significativo tras el procedimiento (p < 0,001). Las variaciones porcentuales de presión portal, según cifra de gradiente basal (12, 16 y 20 mmHg), eran mayores en pacientes con menor GVPH frente a mayor GPVH basal en cualquiera de las categorías comparadas (p = 0,087, p = 0,016 y p < 0,001, respectivamente). En nuestra serie, el 36,7 % de los pacientes presentó un incremento de gradiente ≥ 20 % tras la ligadura. CONCLUSIÓN: la ligadura con bandas de varices esofágicas condiciona un aumento de presión portal, al menos transitorio, objetivado mediante gradiente de presión venosa hepática

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Hemodynamic changes after endoscopic variceal ligation: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: there is controversy about the need to maintain vasoconstrictor treatment after adequate haemostasis is achieved through endoscopic band ligation (EBL) in bleeding esophageal varices (BEV). Measuring a "before and after urgent-EBL" hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) in acute variceal hemorrhage is very difficult. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine hemodynamic variations after an EBL session. A "before" HVPG (PRE) was performed and another one 24 hours "after-ligation" (POST), in cirrhotic patients undergoing endoscopic band ligation as BEV prophylaxis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: this was a single-center, cohort, prospective study. Patients followed a program of repeated sessions of EBL until eradication of their varices and underwent a basal hepatic venous pressure gradient (PRE HVPG), without changing their usual treatment with beta-blockers. Subsequently, an endoscopic ligation session was performed, following the clinical practices guidelines. A second pressure measurement (POST HVPG) was taken 24 hours after the endoscopic treatment. RESULTS: 30 patients were included. PRE and POST HVPG median results were 16.5 mmHg (14-20) and 19.5 mmHg (17-21), respectively, with a significant increase after the procedure (p < 0.001). Percentage variations in portal pressure, based on the baseline gradient values (12, 16 and 20 mmHg), were higher for patients with a lower basal HVPG versus a higher HVPG for any of the categories compared (p = 0.087, p = 0.016 and p < 0.001, respectively). In our series, 36.7 % of patients showed a ≥ 20 % gradient increase after ligation. CONCLUSION: endoscopic band ligation causes an increase in portal pressure, at least for a transitional period, determined by the hepatic venous pressure gradient.

Litiasis biliar complicada tratada satisfactoriamente mediante colangiografía percutánea y drenaje biliar en lactante de 2 meses / Complicated bile duct stones successfully treated by percutaneous cholangiography and biliary drainage catheter in a 2-month-old infant

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